منابع مشابه
Effector proteins of rust fungi
Rust fungi include many species that are devastating crop pathogens. To develop resistant plants, a better understanding of rust virulence factors, or effector proteins, is needed. Thus far, only six rust effector proteins have been described: AvrP123, AvrP4, AvrL567, AvrM, RTP1, and PGTAUSPE-10-1. Although some are well established model proteins used to investigate mechanisms of immune recept...
متن کاملMining Effector Proteins in Phytopathogenic Fungi
“Pathogen effector” has been increasingly used in the past decades in the plant-pathogen interactions (Hogenhout et al., 2009).Presently, the definition of pathogen effector commonly adopted the definition given by Sophien Kamoun, that is, effectors are ‘molecules that manipulate host cell structure and function, thereby facilitating infection (virulence factors or toxins) and/or triggering def...
متن کاملThe Rust Fungi
The rust fungi are a monophyletic group of approximately 7000 species in the basidiomycota and are highly specialized obligate parasites of plants. The life cycle of rusts can be complex. Some rusts have up to five spore stages that alternate between haploid and dikaryotic nuclear conditions and that can occur on two taxonomically unrelated host plants. The rusts have evolved specialized struct...
متن کاملComputational Prediction of Effector Proteins in Fungi: Opportunities and Challenges
Effector proteins are mostly secretory proteins that stimulate plant infection by manipulating the host response. Identifying fungal effector proteins and understanding their function is of great importance in efforts to curb losses to plant diseases. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have facilitated the availability of several fungal genomes and 1000s of transcriptome...
متن کاملNutrient Uptake in Rust Fungi
Nutrient uptake in obligate parasitism was recently reviewed by Bushnell and Gay (5) for the powdery mildews. In the rust fungi, the experimental approach to solving this question is quite different, because the fungus mycelium grows only in restricted areas within the leaf. The rust pustules act as foci for the accumulation of many metabolites. The fungus derives nutrients by alteration of the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Plant Science
سال: 2014
ISSN: 1664-462X
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00416